Cache coherence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cache coherence - Term Paper Example The problem of cache coherence in hardware is reduced in today’s microprocessors through the implementation of various cache coherence protocols. This article reviews literature on cache coherence with particular attention to cache coherence problem, and the protocols-both hardware and software that have been proposed to solve it. Most importantly, it identifies a specific problem associated with cache coherence and proposes a novel solution. Keywords: microprocessor, latency, cache coherence, bandwidth, multiprocessor, cache coherence protocol, shared memory, multicore processor I. Introduction Currently, there is undeniable interest in the computer architecture domain with regard to shared-memory multiprocessors. Often, proposed multiprocessor designs include a reserved cache for each processor within the system. This, in turn, results in the cache coherence problem (Cheng, Carter, & Dai, 2007). This situation, in which several caches are allowed to have simultaneous copies of a certain memory location, requires that a certain memory location be in place. This is to make sure that when the contents of that particular memory location are changed, there needs to be a mechanism that ensures all copies remain unchanged. Consequently, some systems employ a software mechanism to ensure multiple copies do not occur. This it achieved by labeling shared blocks so that they are not cached (Chang & Sohi, 2006). Additionally, task data in all caches are prohibited or restricted from migration. Alternatively, all blocks may be allowed to be cached by all processors and to depend on a cache coherence protocol to be responsible of ensuring that there is consistency. Various such protocols have been proposed, designed and/or described with some ideal for shared-bus and others specifically suitable for a general-purpose interconnection network. There is a substantial difference between shared-bus protocols and general network protocols. Firstly, share-bus protocols dep end on every cache controller monitoring the bus transactions of all the other processors within the system and take appropriate action to ensure consistency is maintained. Secondly, each block’s state within the system is encoded in a distributed manner among all other cache controllers. As such, the cache controllers are able to monitor the traffic of the bus for the purposes of coherence; these are referred to as snooping cache controllers (Kurian et al., 2010). Recently, many studies and researches have been conducted and have mainly focused on shared-memory multiprocessors. They are common mainly because of their simple programming model, which means that they are simple to implement. Normally, address space is shared among all multiprocessors. This enables them to communicate to one another via a solitary address space. As had been earlier noted, a system with cache coherence results in the event that there is same cache block within multiple caches (Stenstrom, 1990). W hen such a scenario occurs, it does not affect the read process; however, in the event that a processor, for writes, writes to a single location, the resulting change must be updated to all caches. Therefore, cache coherence, according to (Archibald & Baer, 1986), refers to all caches having consistence data in the event of data write.

Use of new technologies by traditional businesses-Information Essay

Use of new technologies by traditional businesses-Information technology management - Essay Example The state of competition requires that the business use some of the most inexpensive business tools technology available in the market and in the internet world. Some of these technologies are even costless. Many of them are inexpensive and can be afforded by small businesses. What are some of the most modern internet communication technology and services that can be accessed by a small business firm, particularly that one that is engaged in motorcycle sales and repair business? In short, what are some of the technological tools available for a motorcycle sales and repair business? How can one access the technology? How much would the technological tools costs? What are the applications for the business? These are the key concerns of this short report. We focus on five tools that can be used by small firms engaged in motorcycle sales and repairs businesses: the social networking sites, website, softwares for motorcycle diagnostics, Iphone, and the iPads. Description. Social networking sites are sites from which one can reach thousands of people on a daily basis. The social networking sites are many. One of the groups monitoring the social networking sites, the Selfgrowth.com, reported that the top social networking sites are Facebook with 500 million members, MySpace with 130 million members, and Friendster with 90 million members. Self-growth.com mentioned that Twitter is a fast-growing networking site that managed to grow so fast in a matter of a few months. Twitter allows one to send messages of more than 140 characters through SMS but current improvements in Facebook allows the user to change â€Å"status† or â€Å"messages† via SMS on a 24-hours/7-days-a-week basis. Cost. The additional cost of using the social networking sites are practically costless. Businesses usually have a computer and usually have access to the internet. A business can allocate one or two hours for social networking and it is feasible to pay the person executing

Britains Control Over Industrialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Britains Control Over Industrialization - Essay Example The industrial revolution brought about the invention of iron and textile industries as well as the steam engine that were the central roles of the revolution. Britain is known to be the leader in the industrial revolution as most of the industrial revolution revolves around it. It is also known that Britain maintained much authority over the revolution period and controlled the economic and political structures of many states. From this perspective, it is clear that Britain had much control over the industrial revolution due to various reasons. A number of reasons have been tabled down backing up Britain’s dominance in the Industrial Revolution. Some are geographical while others seem to e social-political in nature. On the geographical factors, Britain had huge coal deposits that were used to power the newly invented machines (Dunn and Laura, 25-28). The other geographical factor was that Britain had many waterways. Most of the rivers in the country were navigable, and much of the coal deposits were near these rivers. Also, the country had many and long coastlines that made transportation easier through the water. Therefore, the availability of both coal and waterways enabled extra coal extraction and transportation in the country possible. The other factor that made Britain dominate during the Industrial Revolution was the fact that it had created a huge empire for itself overseas. All British Empire were used to provide raw materials that were used in the Britain mills. On the other hand, these empires had been m ade captive markets by the Britain for its finished products. For instance, the British had captured most of the Asian countries creating a free market for raw materials. Also, it had made it impossible for these countries to build their industries so that it could dominate the market (Dunn and Laura, 28-33). Any country that resisted Britain’s dominance faced the risk

Steroid use in sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Steroid use in sports - Research Paper Example The underlying question is the source of the opinion that the steroids are crucial in muscle and strength development. The society has played a significant part and this is the reason for the increase in steroid use even among the youths. Like any other drugs, steroids are entirely used for their anticipated results. Through their use, one is able to increase his strength and body conformation within a short period (Harris 59). This is contrary to the natural method of improving one’s body conformation and strength though hard regular exercise. Despite this, use of steroids is usually combined with exercise in order to achieve the desired results. Since the user advocate that its use is not right, they usually take them in their privacy. It is evident that everyone wants to be a winner in everything he undertakes. Numerous records have been put and broken by many. This has been a source of motivation to various persons, who are ready to undertake anything in order to break the records. Furthermore, the returns to the winners are soaring up which have been a motivator for all. The number of youth engaging in the use of steroids has been on the increase and is now becoming an international concern. This is mainly because youths are less aware of the side effects of steroids use. On the other hand, ignorance curiosity led them to using the drug. At their age, many adore fame and recognition and thus they use the drugs in order to have a competitive edge over other athletes. The athletes consume the steroids in many ways. The choice of the method used depends on the urgency of realizing the anticipated results and the side effects of the method. Some of the most commonly used methods include Oral steroids – these steroids are consumed through the mouth in the form of pills or liquid. The steroids are observed to

Demonstrations in Middle East Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Demonstrations in Middle East - Research Paper Example This demonstrations, all summed up, are referred to as the Arab Spring (Lindsey, 2013). The demonstrations have shared some methods of civil resistance in nonstop campaigns involving protests, strikes, rallies and marches, as well as the efficient use of the social media so as to organize, raise awareness and effectively communicate in the face of government efforts at internet censorship and repression (Haddad, Bsheer & Abu-Rish, 2012). A majority of the Arab Spring protests have been met with brutal responses from law enforcement, as well as from counter-demonstrators and pro-government militias. These attacks have been responded to with violence from protestors in a number of cases. A key slogan of the protestors in the Middle East has been â€Å"the people want to overthrow the regime† (Lindsey, 2013). Some critics have drawn links between the Arab Spring and the Revolutions of 1989, which swept through the Second World and Eastern Europe, in terms of their significance an d scale (Lindsey, 2013). The Arab Spring caused a series of ground-breaking movements, which are exceptional in that they used social media as a useful means to spread information and enhance rebellious agendas. This discovery needs consideration in all future literatures of revolution, as well as the notions of narrative, ideology, momentum and unifying causes (Lindsey, 2013). The Arab Spring is the first joint movement of its sort in the Middle East following the social media and internet revolutions of the late 20th and the early 21st centuries, and techniques, tactics and procedures used by resistance movements during the Arab Spring might also affect future movements (Hearns, 2012). This paper will discuss the demonstrations in the Middle East and specifically focus on how the social media helped spawn these demonstrations. The paper will also discuss how the influential use of social media to help foster the Arab Spring will also affect future revolutionary movements. Followin g the latest events taking place in Syria, Iraq, Iran and other Middle East states, a significant amount of awareness has been centered on the notion of collective activism and democracy, which goes on to untangle before Western eyes across mass media (Lindsey, 2013). Also, significant has been the position of the social media, as well as digital technologies, in permitting people in areas distressed by the demonstrations, as a way for joint activism, to evade channels of state-run media. Nine out of 10 Syrians and Iraqis responded to a survey that they used Facebook or Twitter to spread awareness and organize protests. In addition, 28% of Syrians and 29% of Iraqis from the same study said that blocking Facebook significantly disrupted and/or hindered communication (Lindsey, 2013). The power of social media on political revolution during the Middle East demonstrations has received considerable debated (Haddad, Bsheer & Abu-Rish, 2012). Some researchers have debated that digital tech nologies, as well as other methods of communication such as cellular phones, videos, blogs, text messages and photos, have led to the theory of a 'digital democracy' in parts of the Middle East affected by the mass demonstrations (Haddad, Bsheer & Abu-Rish, 2012). Others have argued that so as to comprehend the role of social media during these demonstrations, it should be first be comprehended that in the context of high

The Roar of the Tiger Mom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Roar of the Tiger Mom - Essay Example These activities included watching the television, getting below â€Å"A† grades, playing computer and video games, and to attend sleepovers at friends’ places. The article also stipulates Chua using unsound methods of ensuring that her children were properly motivated in order to ensure their excellence. For example, she indicates that she often refers to one child as garbage with aim of trying to make the child work harder. She also rejects a birthday card that has been crafted amateurish referring it as unworthy. Finally, with aim of motivating her children, she condemns her child who is only seven years old for her inability to play a piano piece, which is complex despite her practicing it several times. A story that appeared on the time magazine indicated that Meredith Viera who is usually joyful when hosting her program was unable to hide her content towards Chua as she read some of the comments posted by viewers when she had hosted Chua in her show. Comments ranged from regarding Chua as a monster to questioning whether she really loves her children. Despite this, ideas proposed by Chua were received well by some readers. This was especially with regard to a study that had ranked United States of America students as 17th when it came to reading, 23rd in sciences and 31st in mathematics in the entire world. Such readers associated with Chuo’s piece since they felt that the United States of America should not accept academic failure if they expect to compete with other superpower countries such as China which had topped the Students rankings. Thus the question of whether protecting the children’s self-esteem is more important than ensuring the academic excellence of American children which will later result in their economic success is raised. In short, which consequences are worse to bear with?  

Pre-sentence Investigations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pre-sentence Investigations - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that a pre-sentence investigation usually consists of three elements.   These elements, according to the article â€Å"Presentence Investigation†, include an interview with the defendant; a review of the defendant’s criminal record; and a review of the specific facts of the crime. The interview could be the most important element that would save one’s client from being needlessly harangued in the courts.   According to Auten, Hasbun, and Mebane, â€Å"Having a well-prepared client can have a substantial impact on the sentencing outcome†.   It is of elemental priority that one’s client is absolutely prepared for any kind of questions that could come to light in the presentencing interview.   One’s client should be regaled in an innocent light as possible, in order to ensure that the client gets the shortest sentence possible.   After all, now that the client has been convicted as having bee n guilty, the presentencing interview can go a long way in terms of deciding whether the client stays in jail for 2 months or 2 years.   Depending on the seriousness of the crime, whether it was a misdemeanor or a felony—and also upon federal and state sentencing guidelines—there are many variables which can affect the sentencing.   Therefore, the presentencing interview cannot be underestimated.   It is an integral part of representing one’s client and this opportunity should not be wasted.  Ã‚