The pioneer experiences free essay sample

The western migration of the mid-nineteenth century was a time of uncertainty for America.   It was also a time of excitement because of the new adventures that awaited Americans.   Although western migration was difficult, many chose to undertake it because they wanted a new life, riches, and a chance to own their own land.   There was also a religious aspect, as some people moved to be missionaries to the Native Americans and to form new churches and religions. The pioneer experiences of men and women differed in several ways.   This is evidenced by the writings of Lydia Allen Rudd and Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer.   Elizabeth talked about constant rain and carrying two children through the mud and water.   She also talked about looking for shelter for her sick husband and watching him deteriorate.   She also writes about how the children had great responsibilities such as driving cattle and oxen. Elizabeth talks incessantly of the impossibility of cooking or staying warm and dry. We will write a custom essay sample on The pioneer experiences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page    Much of this has to do with when she and her family chose to travel.   She also writes that with her husband ill, â€Å"the whole care of everything falls upon [her] shoulders (Geer 1847).† This contrasts sharply with Lydia Allen Rudd.   Though in her account there is rain, she remains upbeat, sharing the soaring vistas and her experiences with the Native Americans.   All is not grand, however.   She speaks of seeing the graves of men and women having died of measles and cholera.   Her diary tells of reaching Salem, Oregon, and also Burlington.   There, they are successful in finding both employment and housing for the winter (1852). Men, on the other hand, saw much more violence in their lives.   In looking at Edward Gould Buffum’s account of life in the gold mines, he tells of the â€Å"trial† of five men who were consequently lashed, and three of those men who were tried for attempted murder and robbery.   A jury found the men guilty. Buffum notes that â€Å"the charges against them were well substantiated, but amounted to nothing more than an attempt at robbery and murder; no overt act being even alleged (1850).†Ã‚   The sentence was death by hanging, and they were hanged that very day.   Such was frontier justice.   Buffum even protested against the mens’ death sentence, but stopped when the mob threatened to hang him. Government played a huge role in encouraging and supporting westward migration.   This was accomplished by the Homestead Act of 1862.   It took affect on the first of January of 1863.   It gave anyone twenty one or older who is a citizen or intended to become a citizen, and â€Å"who had never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies† entitlement to land at $1.25 per acre, so long as the claim did not exceed a hundred sixty acres. The only thing the person had to do was swear out an affidavit that they were the head of household, or is twenty one, or given service in the US armed forces, never borne arms against the US and never given aid or comfort to its enemies.   The person also had to hold the land for five years. The idea of Manifest Destiny fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   Though the road was tough, the rewards were great, as many people made their fortunes in the west.   Manifest Destiny, or the idea that America had a God-given right to all of North America did fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   It did not, however, respect the culture of the Native Americans.   Native Americans were forced to move from ancestral lands, and some began to assimilate.   This was largely due to the amount of missionaries that moved from the east to Oregon. Their goal was to â€Å"civilize† the â€Å"savage† Native Americans.There was, however, a place where the Americans and the Native Americans came together without argument.   That place was called Middle Ground.   It was a place where Native Americans and Americans came together for trade.   Manifest Destiny also affected communications.   Mail traveled over a route known as the Butterfield Trail. This trail between Saint Louis and SanFrancisco took two weeks for mail to travel it.   This helped to foster the development of the Pony Express.   It ran for eighteen months and used relays of young riders to move mail slightly faster than traditional mail.   Many went to Oregon and California to seek their fortunes and establish new lives. Sometimes, this involved religious differences.   The Mormons for example, moved because they were not accepted in either New York or Illinois.   In the two female accounts that were discussed, the women moved with their families to seek a new life in Oregon.   In the account of Edward Gould Buffum, he had spent six months in the California gold mines. Even Horace Greely got into the idea of Manifest Destiny, advocating for a transcontinental railroad as a way to facilitate communication and transportation to the new territories.   He also talks about the need for education and â€Å"virtuous women (Greely, 1860).†    Additionally, he discusses the need for the families of the men in California to have their families.   He feels settlement would again be facilitated by a transcontinental railroad.   Families would move with their men, and more families would be willing to move out west on the comfort of the trains, rather than take the wagon trains through the uncertain weather.   The growth of towns showed that people were taking the idea of Manifest Destiny seriously.   The mass migration of immigrants to California numbered 80,000, and the city of San Francisco grew from 848 to an astonishing 60,000. The pioneer experiences and Manifest Destiny walked hand in hand through history.   Manifest Destiny’s goal of taking over the continent combined with the curiosity of the American Pioneer.   Their experiences helped forever shape the new America.   The United States Government helped by passing the Homestead Act, which encouraged people to settle in the new territories.   Though their experiences were different, collectively, men and women helped shape a new America full of new challenges and new rewards. Bibliography 37th Congress, Homestead Act of 1862. 1862.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3125072- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Bauer, William J.. Dismantling Indian Country in the Nineteenth Century. History: Reviews of New Books 36, no. 2 (2008): 49-52. Buffum, Edward. Six Months in the Gold Mines. 1850.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124634- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Geer, Elizabeth. Journal. 1847. 1848.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124638- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Graulich, Melody. Review of West of Emerson: The Design of Manifest Destiny. Amercan   Literature 76, no. 3 (2004): 617-619. Greely, Horace. An Overland Journey. 1860.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124701- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). OSullivan, John. The Great Nation of Futurity. http://wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124755- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Rudd, Lydia. Diary of Westward Travel 1852. 1852.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124798- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).

Stanton and the Declaration of Independence essays

Stanton and the Declaration of Independence essays In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton gave her historic speech, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions at the Seneca Falls Convention for womens rights. Stanton, a formally educated and academically accomplished wife and mother, was already a prominent social activist who was deeply entrenched in the abolitionist movement. As a woman having experienced discrimination and the lack of opportunities to advance, she was weary of the constricted and oppressed lives women were forced to lead in comparison to the freedom and liberties enjoyed by men. In fact several years before, despite being elected as delegates, she and Lucretia Mott, a fellow abolitionist and suffragist, were denied the right to participate in the World Anti-Slavery Convention on the basis of their gender. By 1848, galvanized by disillusion, Stanton was ready to take a literal and figurative stand at the Seneca Falls Convention. There she delivered her speech, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions expressing the grieva nces of female oppression. The purpose of Declarations of Sentiments and Resolutions, was to elucidate the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman...[that effected] absolute tyranny over [women] (Zinn, 2004, p. 126). Therefore, Stanton closely modeled her speech after the Declaration of Independence in order to contextualize its message and maximize its impact. Elizabeth Cady Stanton structured Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions after the Declaration of Independence, and in order to accomplish two things; she wanted to imbue the speech with gravitas and elicit empathy. When Stanton took the podium at the Seneca Falls Convention, America was still in its infancy as a country. The scent of American independence was still in the air and hadnt yet been overtaken by the stench of the Civil War. The Declaration of Independence&...

Perceptions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Perceptions - Assignment Example The next category comprises of individuals who associate money and magnanimous deeds. However, the intention of the test was to conduct a study to the masses on their attitude towards money. It reveals that money or wealth influences people’s values (Project Implicit, 2011). These values may be either virtuous or wicked. It is appropriate to say that money influences the background status. Individuals who come from families with average wealth belong to the middle class status whereas those from a humble background belong to the lower middle class. Moreover, huge amounts of money tend to entice some individuals. If a prize is rewarded to an individual, for example, 20 dollars, and the person asked to choose between accepting the pay now or wait for an extra six months in order to gain 120 dollars, the individual prefers to wait for the six months (Project Implicit, 2011). Incase a tragedy happens to a more developed and rich country, some individuals will prefer not to offer assistance in terms of money due to the perception that the country has enough wealth, while others will offer money since they attribute meritorious deeds with money. The Japan earthquake situation generated different perceptions among individuals. The American government offered to aid the countries revival by offering large amounts of money. This generosity developed different perceptions among the people as some said that there is no need of offering assistance In terms of money to a rich country. Other people suggested that it was a noble deed by the Americans as they attributed goodly deeds with

Why has the Korean War often been called the Forgotten War Does it Personal Statement

Why has the Korean War often been called the Forgotten War Does it deserve to be remembered - Personal Statement Example Another valid reason that made experts regard the war as forgotten was the non-inclusion of Korea in the American Foreign Policy during the Cold War. One of the obvious reasons was that most of the Americans had very little knowledge about this war, even though many of them were adults during the war years. Another reason is that the Korean War was barely a part of the history subject in most of the elementary and high schools and also in colleges. In case they are mentioned it in the educational texts, the entire conflict was not covered, instead a brief mention about the conflict, which often described it as the successful containment of communism by the United Nations and United States that resulted in freedom for South Koreans. These brief mentions removed a great deal about the painful episode that piloted the Cold War era and the enormous significance it has had, and still has, for Koreans, Americans and world

Modular Construction Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Modular Construction - Dissertation Example As mentioned before, the increase in the demand for an economical and quick delivery for buildings both in the domestic and commercial scenarios, the innovation in the construction industry should be investigated. The modular construction method being an increasingly deployed method of construction in the UK, and the fact that it is an innovative method of construction to the existing methods makes it a natural choice of analysis in this research. Furthermore, the increasing demand for efficiency in management to reduce costs and loss of resources in the construction industry justifies the choice of research since the modular construction methods involve extensive use of project management methodologies, which will be discussed in the research chapters of this report. The scope of this research is restricted to the commercial and domestic building construction as the construction industry in the UK includes many segments like the road construction and other public utilities building construction. Although it is argued widely that the modular construction method can be deployed in these areas of construction as well, the limitations with the resources and time involved in this research that is academic in nature is the limiting factor to the scope of this report. 1.4: Chapter Overview: Chapter 1: Introduction This is the current chapter that presents the reader with the aim and objectives of the report along with a brief overview on the research envisaged in this report. Chapter 2: Literature Review In this chapter an overview on the construction industry is presented to the reader with the focus on the

Stigmatization A Mental Health Clinical Case Analysis Nursing Essay

Stigmatization A Mental Health Clinical Case Analysis Nursing Essay During my mental health clinical rotation at Karwan-e-hayat, I encountered a 45 year old female patient with the diagnosis of Obsessive compulsive disorder and depression in her rehabilitative phase. She gave Rs 50/- to the nursing assistant to bring nimco for her which costed Rs 25/-. The nursing assistant returned with the nimco but did not returned the rest Rs 25/- to the patient by saying that no money was left. When the patient reported the incident to the nurse, the nurse did not pay any attention to the patient. In the beginning the nurse said that she dont have time to talk about it followed by the statements such as Unlike you, I have too much work to do and then when the patient went to another nurse, she ignored the patient also by saying that The nursing assistant would not have been lying. Patients like you come and go from here every day saying these kinds of things. Go and do your work. The patient went away quietly looking down. Later she verbalized Nobody takes us se riously as we are mentally ill patients. So we cant do anything. Furthermore she said Does being mentally ill means we are not humans? Stigma is a Greek word meaning mark, and is derived from the verb stizein to tattoo, to prick, to puncture. Stigma is usually a mark of disgrace or infamy, which leads to action: discrimination against the stigmatised person (Arboleda-Fl ´orez Sartorius, 2008, P.69). stigma occurs when leading social group diminishes the qualities of a less influential group. Stigma in health care is a very common entity for many groups of the community. One of which is psychiatric patients. People identified as having mental health problems are one of the most marginalised groups in society (Martin, 2009, p.6) The above mentioned case is an example of such cases whereby a mentally ill patient was stigmatized in the hospital settings by the health care professional. Many patients and surveys have highlighted this sheer reality that health care professionals themselves display stigmatizing behaviors and practices (Hinshaw, 2007). Moreover, they depict dehumanizing behavior and lowered expectation towards mentally ill. In this case scenario, the health care professional directly passed on stigmatizing comments to the client. According to Hinshaw, (2007), the health care providers sometimes use frequent comments which are hurtful jokes for the clients. They often use judgmental terms for the patients with one another in the presence of the patient, as though the patients were not even present there. This behavior from the side of the health care provider makes the patient doubt their own self, leading towards self-stigmatization (Hinshaw, 2007). This self-stigmatization in turn makes the patie nts doubt their own self-esteem, lowering their own self-image (Hinshaw, 2007; Link, Struening, Todd, Asmussen, Phelan, 2001). One of the accounts presented by Hinshaw in 2007 clearly states that a kid has internalized the belief that his grandmother punishes him because of his misbehavior as a child and self-blaming himself for the adult psychiatric episodes which he was having. In this way, public stigma makes the patients think that there is something wrong with them and they dont deserve to exist in this world. Many mentally ill people want to get settled in the society but are unable to do so because the world stigmatizes them, the health care professionals stigmatize them and then they doubt their own credibility ending up in self-stigmatizing their own selves. According to former U.S. surgeon David satchers report on mental illness of 1999, he clearly concluded that stigma leads to low self-esteem, isolation, and hopelessnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, it deprives people of their digni ty and interferes with their full participation in society. (Satcher, 1999) That clearly highlights the effected abilities of the individual on the grounds of mental illness. According to the writer, self-stigma is inevitable. This highlighted effect of self-stigma is clearly evident in the case scenario presented above by the action of the patient herself, which she has looked down and moved away. This lowered self-esteem in turn brings out hopelessness in the clients (Link, Struening, Todd, Asmussen, Phelan, 2001). Like the client in the given case scenario says that nobody takes us seriously. We cant do anything. That clearly identifies the notion of hopelessness that the patient has no hopes from life and has accepted clear defeat because of the stigma associated with mental illness. The next question is how does stigma affects the rehabilitation of the mentally ill patients. How does it affect the coping skills of the mentally ill patients? What are the coping mechanisms of the mentally ill patients which they use in stigma? What are the coping mechanisms of the patients with neurosis who are well aware of the reality and understand this notion of stigma, as opposed to the psychosis patients. According to literature, many a times, the stigma posed is due to many of the bizarre symptoms caused by psychosis and the patients with neuroses also have to take it as they all fall under the category of mental illness for the laymen regardless of psychosis and neurosis (Hinshaw, 2007). According to the ethical principle E of the American psychiatric association, the patients have the right of dignity and respect regardless of any differences; that implies to both psychosis and neurosis (Lowman, 2005). The psychotic patient as mentioned earlier is away from the reality co ntent but they surely understand that they are being treated wrongly. (Levine Levine, 2009) They are not able to think rationally but surely they are human beings and are witnessing what is going on with them. Many a times we witness that they cry over small things which are going wrong with them. They are witnessing the behavior of the health care provider but are unable to interrelate it to their past experience. Regardless of the psychosis, it is wrong to treat them any bad so how bad can it be for the neurosis client whose reality content is intact and who can rationalize everything that is going on with them and who can interrelate these aspects with their past and then can feel the shame (Hinshaw, 2007). The patient in the above mentioned case scenario would be forced to think if something is wrong with her resulting in feelings of shame and guilt. This guilt in turn takes the patient in the situation of self-stigmatization which leads on to hopelessness which clearly affects the coping mechanism of the individual since if the person would be hopeless towards his illness, the reconstitution would be delayed (Hinshaw, 2007). Stigmatization affects the personal response of the patient which is a vital part of process of coping. The personal responses are individualized and can change over time. Many a times, the strategy which patients use to avoid stigma and to preserve their self-esteem is secrecy, which preserves their self-esteem but isolates the individual from social support (Satcher, 1999; Hinshaw, 2007). stigma has an important part in determining public health consequences by revealing stigmatized individuals to health-harmful conditions, by aggregating stress, declining coping, and by putting a barrior to receiving health care (Link Phelan, 2006). According to Corrigan and Watson (2002) as cited in hinsaw, 2007 there are many new reasons emerging to justify the reason for some individuals to respond with anger whereas some to nerely ignore the stigma and move on with their lives whilst some internalize the negative message while hurting their self-image. If stigma-related threat is believed to be of greater magnitude than ones coping responses, several types of voluntary and involuntary reactions can come about, like lowered self-esteem, reduced achievement, and compromised physical health. (Hinshaw, 2007) Several questions arise Looking upon the behavior of the health care professional such as is the attitude of the nurse justifiable? Would she have had the same stigmatized responsein the case of another pfysically ill patient? If she would have then she is not following the ethical principle E of the American psychological association of respect of peoples right and dignity. This principle clearly states that the regardless of the awareness of the disability, the health care provider has to maintain the respect of the patient. For the violation of this ethical principle, who is responsible? The nurse or the society to see all the mentally ill patients on a single wavelength and stigmatize them. Who is accountable for it? The nurse or the hospital settings or either the society to be accountable for such stigmatization? Would the same behavior have happened in the western settings? If the patient would have sued the in the court, whose statements would be more valued and listened to t he nurses or the mentally ill clients who is savaged and stigmatized in the community by the names of irrational and unthinkable. Many accounts of the depressed patients state the fact that they are not been taken seriously while giving some statements because of the stigma associated whereas if some other person of pathological chronic condition gives the same statement, it is taken seriously (Shaw, 1998). In the settings of the above mentioned case scenario, would anyone have had listened to her that her rights are being violated or would this all be given the name of mental illness and let go of? One more side of stigmatization comes when we tease normal people by the names of the stigmatized people to embarrass them. In everyday life, language patterns indicates an anxiety with mental disorder across all age groups with a host of terms related to mental illness used to scapegoat and humiliate those who violate social norms. They are associated with mentally ill and words like psycho and wacho are used to compare people who go against social norms in the western community (Hinshaw, 2007). Whereas, no literature is to be found for the usage of such words due to the lack of researches in this field. Usage of variants of such terms at young ages signals the pervasiveness of the criticism of persons with mental disorders. Indeed, judgmental tags of retard or crazy are among the first terms used by children who havent even started their schoolings yet to relegate socially rejected friends in the west. (Hinshaw, 2007) Media also plays important role in stigmatizing the mentally ill . Media differs in east and west which directly effects pattern of stigmatizing. People with psychotic-level disorders, as well as milder disturbances, were portrayed as ignorant, dangerous, dirty, unkind, and unpredictable. (Hinshaw, 2007, p.118) The model which could best be incorporated in this is Link and Phelans model of stigma. In this model stigma is processed by many different components. First one is on distinguishing and labeling differences(Link Phelan, 2001). Most of the differences are usually ignored but sometimes they are not overlooked at and thus labeled. In my clinical case scenario, the patient was labeled as mentally ill having no work to do. The second component is on associating human differences with negative attributes(Link Phelan, 2001). This occurs when the labeled differences are linked to stereotypes and so my patients mental illness was stereotyped as workless people. The third component is of on separating us from them which brings the notion of stigmatization(Link Phelan, 2001). In the above mentioned case scenario also, the patient was referred to as out group as evidenced by the statement patients like you come and go each day but we have work to do, clearly defining the notion of us versus them. The last component is status loss and discrimination(Link Phelan, 2001). In the status loss, patient is connected to undesirable characteristics that reduce his or her status in the eyes of the stigmatizer. In this case, the undesirable characteristic was that mentally ill patients are laid off and redundant where as we are working people so we are higher than them and in this way stigmatized people are put down at the bottom of the hierarchy. Keeping in view the principles of American psychiatric association, the strategies which I would like to pose in this context is the nurse should look in the matter and confirmed the case with the nursing assistant as well as to the shop from which the nursing assistant got the nimco from. Moreover, nursing assistants should be taught all the rights of the patients so that being a health care provider; they would follow all the ethical principles. On an institutional level, a system should be made in which patients can have some responsible person to take care of these things instead of asking anyone they can get their hands on to. To conclude, not much research has been done on this issue of mental health and proper awareness does not exist in this society. More researches needs to be done to address this issue as stigma in mental health persists all around the world. Strategies needed to be thought about to remove this factor of stigma. More education sessions about this needs to be done on the clinical side to make the nurses and other health care providers aware of what the rights of the patients are and a check and balance system should be there to acknowledge either those rights have been followed and fulfilled or not. (word count: 2201 words) References Arboleda-Fl ´orez, J., Sartorius, N. (Eds.). (2008). Understanding the Stigma of Mental Illness: Theory and Interventions. New Delhi, India: Aptara. Hinshaw, S. P. (2007). The Mark of Shame. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. Husted, J. H., Husted, L. G. (2008). Ethical Decision Making in Nursing and Health Care (4th ed.). New York, USA: springer publishing company. Link, B. G., Struening, E. L., Todd, S. N., Asmussen, S., Phelan, J. C. (2001). Stigma as a barrier to recovery-The consequences of Stigma for the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses. Psychiatric Services, 52(12), 1621-1626. Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet, 367, 528-529 Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Reviews, 27, 363-85. Levine, J., Levine, L.S. (2009). Schizophrenia for dummies. Canada: Wiley Publisher. Lowman, R. L. (2005). Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, 11(1), 71 77. Martin, N. (2009). From Discrimination to Social Inclusion. Australia: Queensland Alliance. Shaw, F. (1998). Mistaken identity. Lancet, 352, 1051. Satcher, D. (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: Department of health and human services.

Torvald and Nora in in Ibsens A Dolls House :: A Doll’s House

The Character of Torvald and Nora in A Doll's House    In Ibsen's "A Doll's House", there are many clues that hint at the kind of marriage Nora and Torvald have. It seems that Nora is a type of doll that is controlled by Torvald. Nora is completely dependent on Torvald.   His thoughts and movements are her thoughts and movements.   Nora is a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most obvious example of Torvald's physical control over Nora can be seen in his teaching of the tarantella. Nora pretends that she needs Torvald to teach her every move in order to relearn the dance. The reader knows that this is an act, but it still shows her complete submissiveness to Torvald. After he teaches her the dance, he proclaims:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torvald.   ...When you were dancing the tarantella,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   chasing, inviting--my blood was on fire;  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I couldn't stand it any longer--thats   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   why I brought you down so early--   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nora.   Leave me now, Torvald.   Please!   I don't want all this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torvald.   What do you mean?   You're only playing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   your little teasing bird game with me;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   aren't you, Nora?   Don't want to?   I'm   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  your husband, aren't I?   (Isben 447) This shows that Torvald is more interested in Nora physically than emotionally.   He feels that it is one of Nora's main duties as his wife to physically pleasure him at his command.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torvald is not only demanding mentally and physically, but also financially.   He does not trust Nora with money. He feels that she is incapable and too immature to handle a matter of such importance.   Torvald sees Nora as a child. She is forever his little "sparrow" or "squirrel".   On the rare occasion that Torvald does give Nora some money, he worries that she will waste it on candy, pastry or something else of Childish and useless value.   Nora's duties, in general, are restricted to caring for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint.   But overall, Nora's most important responsibility is to please Torvald. This makes her role similar to that of a slave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problem in "A Doll's House" does not lie with Torvald alone.   Though he does not help the situation, he is a product of his society.   In his society, females were confined in every way imaginable. Torvald and Nora in in Ibsen's A Doll's House :: A Doll’s House The Character of Torvald and Nora in A Doll's House    In Ibsen's "A Doll's House", there are many clues that hint at the kind of marriage Nora and Torvald have. It seems that Nora is a type of doll that is controlled by Torvald. Nora is completely dependent on Torvald.   His thoughts and movements are her thoughts and movements.   Nora is a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most obvious example of Torvald's physical control over Nora can be seen in his teaching of the tarantella. Nora pretends that she needs Torvald to teach her every move in order to relearn the dance. The reader knows that this is an act, but it still shows her complete submissiveness to Torvald. After he teaches her the dance, he proclaims:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torvald.   ...When you were dancing the tarantella,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   chasing, inviting--my blood was on fire;  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I couldn't stand it any longer--thats   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   why I brought you down so early--   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nora.   Leave me now, Torvald.   Please!   I don't want all this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torvald.   What do you mean?   You're only playing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   your little teasing bird game with me;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   aren't you, Nora?   Don't want to?   I'm   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  your husband, aren't I?   (Isben 447) This shows that Torvald is more interested in Nora physically than emotionally.   He feels that it is one of Nora's main duties as his wife to physically pleasure him at his command.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torvald is not only demanding mentally and physically, but also financially.   He does not trust Nora with money. He feels that she is incapable and too immature to handle a matter of such importance.   Torvald sees Nora as a child. She is forever his little "sparrow" or "squirrel".   On the rare occasion that Torvald does give Nora some money, he worries that she will waste it on candy, pastry or something else of Childish and useless value.   Nora's duties, in general, are restricted to caring for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint.   But overall, Nora's most important responsibility is to please Torvald. This makes her role similar to that of a slave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problem in "A Doll's House" does not lie with Torvald alone.   Though he does not help the situation, he is a product of his society.   In his society, females were confined in every way imaginable.

Hamburger and Perfect Party Food Essay

I hate when my stomach feels so empty. The growling and tightening of my insides drives me insane. The only thing on my mind at the time is food. Anything else doesn’t matter. My three favorite foods are chicken, burgers, and last pizza. You can’t go wrong with chicken. It goes with many sides such as corn, potatoes, or fries. Fried chicken is the best because it makes the skin so crisp and crunchy. If I had to choose out of my top three foods chicken would most likely be number one. Second choice that I have named is burgers. The best hamburgers are the ones that come straight off of the bar -b- que pit. Usually for summer we always have burgers because they are the easiest things to make and they also go well with birthdays or holidays. The lettuce, ketchup, mustard, tomatoes, etc. all make the hamburger so delicious. Last we have pizza. My favorite type of pizza is pepperoni because it is so good. If I have to choose any other toppings I would choose meat lovers because it’s all different types of meat on one pizza. They seem to be the perfect party food because I usually order them when I don’t feel like leaving the house or when my friends and I are having a small get together. What would we do without food? Having a nice full stomach makes you happy and it also gives you energy. Food will always be something that I will cherish in life, especially my favorite three that I mentioned earlier in my essay. Food is a very important thing and I have lots of other favorites.

A Brief History of Venice, Italy

A Brief History of Venice, Italy Venice is a city in Italy, best known today for the many waterways which criss-cross through it. It has developed a romantic reputation built upon by countless movies, and thanks to one startling horror film has also evolved a darker atmosphere. The city has a history dating from the sixth century, and once wasnt just a city in a larger state: Venice was once one of the greatest trading powers in European history. Venice was the European end of the Silk Road trade route which moved goods all the way from China, and consequently was a cosmopolitan city, a true melting pot. The Origins of Venice Venice developed a creation myth that it was founded by people fleeing Troy, but it was probably formed in the sixth century C.E., when Italian refugees fleeing Lombard invaders camped on the islands in the Venice lagoon. There is evidence for a settlement in 600 C.E., and this grew, having its own bishopric by the end of the 7th century. The settlement soon had an outside ruler, an official appointed by the Byzantine Empire, which clung onto a part of Italy from a base in Ravenna. In 751, when the Lombards conquered Ravenna, the Byzantine dux became a Venetian Doge, appointed by the merchant families who had emerged in the town. Growth Into a Trading Power Over the next few centuries, Venice developed as a trading center, happy to do business with both the Islamic world as well as the Byzantine Empire, with whom they remained close. Indeed, in 992, Venice earned special trading rights with the empire in return for accepting Byzantine sovereignty again. The city grew richer, and independence was gained in 1082. However, they retained trading advantages with Byzantium by offering the use of their, now considerable, navy. The government also developed, the once dictatorial Doge supplemented by officials, then councils, and in 1144, Venice was first called a commune. Venice as Trading Empire The twelfth century saw Venice and the remainder of the Byzantine Empire engage in a series of trade wars, before the events of the early thirteenth century gave Venice the chance to establish a physical trading empire: Venice had agreed to transport a crusade to the Holy Land, but this became stuck when the Crusaders couldn’t pay. Then the heir of a deposed Byzantine emperor promised to pay Venice and convert to Latin Christianity if they put him on the throne. Venice supported this, but when he was returned and unable to pay/unwilling to convert, relationships soured and the new emperor was assassinated. The Crusaders then sieged, captured, and sacked Constantinople. Many treasures were removed by Venice, who claimed a part of the city, Crete, and large areas including parts of Greece, all of which became Venetian trading outposts in a large empire. Venice then warred with Genoa, a powerful Italian trading rival, and the struggle reached a turning point with the Battle of Chioggia in 1380, restricting Genoan trade. Others attacked Venice too, and the empire had to be defended. Meanwhile, the Doges’ power was being eroded by the nobility. After heavy discussion, in the fifteenth century, Venetian expansion targeted the Italian mainland with the capture of Vicenza, Verona, Padua, and Udine. This era, 1420–50, was arguably the high point of Venetian wealth and power. The population even sprang back after the Black Death, which often traveled along trade routes. The Decline of Venice Venice’s decline began in 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, whose expansion would threaten, and successfully seize, many of Venice’s eastern lands. In addition, Portuguese sailors had rounded Africa, opening another trading route to the east. Expansion in Italy also backfired when the pope organized the League of Cambrai to challenge Venice, defeating the city. Although the territory was regained, the loss of reputation was immense. Victories such as the Battle of Lepanto over the Turks in 1571 did not halt the decline. For a while, Venice successfully shifted focus, manufacturing more and promoting herself as the ideal, harmonious republic- a true blend of nations. When the pope placed Venice under a papal interdict in 1606 for, amongst other things, trying priests in a secular court, Venice won a victory for secular power by forcing him to back down. But across the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Venice declined, as other powers secured Atlantic and African trade routes, maritime powers like Britain and the Dutch. Venice’s seaborne empire was lost. End of the Republic The Venetian Republic came to an end in 1797, when Napoleon’s French army forced the city to agree to a new, pro-French, ‘democratic’ government; the city was looted of great artworks. Venice was briefly Austrian after a peace treaty with Napoleon, but became French again after the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, and formed part of the short-lived Kingdom of Italy. The fall of Napoleon from power  saw Venice placed back under Austrian rule. Further decline set in, although 1846 saw Venice linked to the mainland for the first time, by a railway, and the number of tourists began to exceed the local population. There was brief independence in 1848–9 when revolution ousted Austria, but the latter empire crushed the rebels. British visitors began to speak of a city in decay. In the 1860s, Venice became part of the new Kingdom of Italy, where it remains to this day in the new Italian state, and arguments over to how best treat Venice’s architecture and buildings have produced conservation efforts that retain a great sense of atmosphere. Yet the population has fallen in halfsince the 1950s and flooding remains a problem.

Technology in the 20th Century

Technology in the 20th Century Introduction The constant advancements in technology have continued to affect different aspects of human lives since the 20th century. The impact of technology on man comes about due to the connection between the technological component and the behavior of people towards such advances. As Sander (1999) notes, the 20th century can be said to be the period within which man progressed constantly in terms of technology (Sanders, 1999, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Technology in the 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology advancements in the 20th century Astronomy is one of the major scientific advancements made in the 20th century with the invention of satellites which have been used for communication purposes, monitoring of weather and observation of sites by military. The invention of astronomy has helped humans in understanding the universe and most importantly, measurements of weath er which has in turn allowed for weather forecasting by meteorologists. These different types of manmade orbits were invented by man during the late 90s to serve their specific functions as mentioned above. Examples of satellites developed in the 20th century include; telescopes, space probes and crafts. Another very significant technological advancement in the 20th century is genetic engineering invented as a biological advancement. Genetic engineering was developed to widen the understanding of the development process of living things. The understanding of development of living things was meant to enable humans attain the capacity to control some calamities such as hunger and diseases (Treat, 2006, p. 1). Similarly, genetic engineering has been used to control behavior of living things such as humans, other animals and even plants by modifying genes into desirable characteristics. Since its invention, genetic engineering has enabled the manipulation of organisms through the proces ses of reproduction and heredity. Similarly, biomedical interventions have since been developing which include; cloning, in vitro fertilization and production of sperm banks among others. The invention of computers and the internet is an equally significant advancement of the 20th century. The internet was invented way back in 1969 in the department of defense in the U.S. Its invention was aimed at enhancing effective communication in all researches related to defense (Bellis, 2011, p. 1). In conjunction with the National Science Foundation, the defense department developed the use of the internet not only within U.S.A, but all over the world. However, the use of internet was still unfamiliar to many until the late 90s when millions of people around the globe claimed internet access. Since then, the internet has been used as a network through which information can be shared all over the world, within organizations and between individuals.Advertising Looking for research pape r on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nuclear energy is also a technological advancement of the 20th century involving the science of physics. The advancements in nuclear energy began way back in 1942 and have continued to develop until 1998. The production of nuclear energy results from reactions which occur as a result of changes in the nucleus of atoms and hence nuclear energy has been presented as the safest source of energy ever since its invention (ThinkQuest. ND, p. 1). This is because its production does not involve environmental risks associated with activities such as burning of fossil fuels. In addition, the invention of nuclear physics has led to the development of nuclear weapons which have been regarded as safety tools. Another important technological invention of the 20th century is in medicine especially the invention of penicillin. Penicillin was initially invented by Alexander Fleming in 19 28 but his discovery was modified in the 1950 with more refined isolation and purification techniques (Mason, 2011, p. 1). This followed the production of various penicillin antibiotics which have been used widely for the treatment of bacterial infections. Some of the most significant uses of penicillin are in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract and the treatment of typhoid and enteric fever. Being the first antibiotic to be discovered, penicillin is the most trusted antibiotic being used worldwide. The technology advancements of the 20th century also saw the invention of synthetic fibers as part of chemical science. The process of producing synthetic fibers was invented in 1902 though the very first developments were made in 1945 in the United States (Jupiter scientific.1999, p. 1). Almost all the materials and products used today originate from synthetics. Similarly, synthetic food additives were also developed in the late 80s including flavorings, sweeteners and colo rants. In addition, the technological advancements of the 20th century on synthetics, led to the development of synthetic chemical agents which have been used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Conclusion Of all the technologies developed in the 20th century, the advancement of computers and internet has had the greatest impact on modern lives. This is because the world is becoming more and more business oriented and the use of computers and the internet in running every day-to-day operation for businesses has been an effective venture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Technology in the 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Computers have made business operations much faster and efficient such as record keeping and financial analysis. Similarly, the use of computers has lessened the number of individual workers and hence reduced expenditure for business in terms of wages. In addition, the int ernet has enabled people and organizations to share information at a faster speed compared to other modes of communicating such as letters and telegrams. Reference List Bellis, M. (2011). 20th century timeline: 1900 – 1999. Retrieved from, http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/twentieth.htm Jupiter scientific. (1999). A century of discoveries in physics. Retrieved from, jupiterscientific.org/sciinfo/apscentennial.html Mason, R. (2011). Technological advances in the 20th century. Retrieved from, articlerich.com/Article/Technological-advances-in-the-20th-century/567549 ThinkQuest. (ND). Nuclear energy. Retrieved from, http://library.thinkquest.org/C005271F/physics.html Treat, A. (2006). Major developments in instructional technology: during the 20th  century. Retrieved from, indiana.edu/~idt/shortpapers/documents/ITduring20.html Sanders, R. (1999). Technology in a paradigm of century. Retrieved from, cosmosclub.org/web/journals/2000/sanders.htmlAdvertising Looking for research paper on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Linguistic Laureate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Linguistic Laureate - Research Paper Example Born on September 25, 1897 in New Albany, Mississippi, named after Old Colonel - his great grandfather - the legendary American writer, nicknamed as Billy, was fond of story-telling since his childhood. According to one of his cousins, when Billy used to tell something, doubts were always present about whether it was true or something he had made up on his own (Oates 13). However, as many reviewers reckon, Faulkner’s life did not experience a pleasant start. He used to repel away from his peers at school since they did not like his ‘different’ style of dressing; a factor which might have later turned into him dropping out of school. As his age progressed to twenty, some significant characteristic dilemmas pronounced Faulkner’s personality - ranging from being socially eccentric, to a school dropout, to being a drunkard. To sum it up, the soon-to-become a legendary novelist had, then, no superior traits presumed to be in a person who inspires a vast number o f readers and followers. However, despite the ridicule and disdain, Faulkner rose above expectations and ensued to envelop with his magical writing approach, nearly every aspect of how the everyday human life was in the American South. Having been born in the Magnolia State, Faulkner had immense love for the Southern roots. His ties with Mississippi ran deep; his great grandfather, known more prominently as the Old Colonel, was a famous lawyer, novelist and rail road investor. Throughout his lifetime, Faulkner never went astray of his town, spending the majority of his life span in Mississippi and writing about his soil and the people there. With his growing age, the Old Colonel’s imagination and vision of the South started emerging in him (Shmoop Editorial Team). On the other hand, Faulkner’s fictional inscription skills are believed to have originated primarily from close company with the African-American nanny, Caroline Barr. Known to Faulkner and his siblings as Ma mmy Callie, Caroline Barr – the Oxford based nanny – was born into slavery and used to tell numerous stories regarding her sorrowful experiences to Faulkner; the roots wherefrom the Faulkner’s yet-to-be-created fictional world initiates. No wonder Faulkner had profound empathy for his nanny, apparent from the dedication of his 1942 novel Go Down, Moses to her (Shmoop Editorial Team). Faulkner remembered her as a person who gave his family loyalty, faithfulness and compassion without any cost and who gave to his childhood immense love and affection (Parini 19). Alongside creativity and fictional storytelling, Faulkner also ignited in himself a brawny passion for reading literature. Contrary to being an imaginative, always-pondering boy at home, Faulkner was not as good at school. Being mediocre in studies, getting regularly teased by his colleagues, distinguishing his passion for art and writing rather than guns and football made his stay at school difficult. Lik ewise, against his parents’ wishes, he dropped out from high school after the eleventh grade and went on to opt for a bookkeeper’s job. Only his first rhyme and verse lessons by Phil Stone, an aspiring poet in high school, were to prove fruitful of all what he carried with him out of the high school. Agreeing to what Cleanth Brooks writes, although William started his career as a poet but fate had planned something better for him. Hence, Faulkner soon realized that his major and most fruitful strength lay in his prose (Brooks 1). Falkner’s first ever short story that was published in a major magazine in April 1930 was â€Å"A Rose for Emily† - a story that revolves around Emily, a lady with a mysterious, veiled character which is the consequence of the town’

Health Promotion Campaign on Alcohol Consumption in the United Kingdom Essay

Health Promotion Campaign on Alcohol Consumption in the United Kingdom - Essay Example What is hoped is that by bringing better awareness about the affects of alcohol, it will demystify the false ideas that are associated with drinking, specifically with young people who later can turn to alcoholics without intervention. The main point of fact that this research plans to develop and discuss is how beneficial the program actual is in the country. The central discussion is focused on approaches that draw in an entire community in order to prevent binge drinking turning into the disease of alcoholism. Some issues that are centered in this research are relative to underage drinking; prevention strategies, school-based prevention for the youth, curriculum related programs, prevention through alternative activities, skills building, family focused prevention, alcohol or other drug (AOD) public policy strategies, the minimum drinking age requirements, the availability or accessibility to minors, and as was stated, community-based prevention. The conclusion of the research will testify that as long as there are programs that can offer support and services to assist people with problems related to alcohol or other addictive behaviors then there is hope to improve upon life and bring back a decent quality of life for people suffering with addictions such as this. The Health Promotion Campaign came into existence to try and minimize the ongoing problems associated with alcoholism and binge drinking among adults as well as the youth population within the United Kingdom. One of the central themes of the campaign since its origination has been to demonstrate an understanding in society that clearly shows in order to help people and ones self there has to first be acknowledgement of why there is an alcohol problem to begin with. Also, in order to bring about positive health changes within a society there has to exist an acceptance from those with an alcohol problem that they do have an adverse situation associated with alcohol they are dealing with. In order to be truly effective there has to be a rationale for alcoholism and binge drinking occurring. If the problem isn't known, then the program can never be totally effective. What is Alcoholism and Binge Drinking Alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychological, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. This disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by continuous or periodic: impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial (Alcoholics Anonymous Reviews 2006). The original Health Promotions campaign dealt heavily with the economic, social, and health factors of individuals at risk due to binge drinking and in fact the newer campaign has carried on this old initiatives but now with a more inclusive fashion to bring in all the adverse health and social problems that can arise due to this problem. For instance there is more awareness being given of how the effects of drinking on the major organs of the body are cumulative and are evident after continuous heavy drinking over 5 to 30 years, most notably affected are the central