Influence of Religion on Developing Societies Research Paper

Influence of Religion on Developing Societies - Research Paper Example In order to appreciate more clearly the role that religion plays in developing societies, it is important to understand the concept of religion. Religion refers to a social system of beliefs and attitudes regarding objects, people, the sacred/divine and morality. Religion has made key contributions to societal development in the past as it does today. This paper elucidates the complementary nature of religion and development. Research has shown that one of the most significant contributions that any religion makes to societal development is by playing its role as a means of enforcing morality to society members. In societies where there is a prevalent belief in God and a substantial number of the members of society are religious, the moral value of integrity is also prevalent. As such, the resources in such societies are more likely to be fairly distributed to all members of society; this is because those who are in charge of the distribution of resources work with integrity. This contributes to the holistic development of the society. Furthermore, in a society that is prevalently religious, members of such societies are less likely to be distrustful of firms/companies’ ethics since such companies also have ‘religious’ employees who share similar moral values.... According to Weber, the reformation emphasized moral values, such as hard work, austerity, frugality, and loyalty to interests of the group. These values, according to Weber, were the cornerstone of capitalism, which led to intensified economic development (Weber, 1992). Another way in which religion influences developing societies is through its ability to promote the development of personal characteristics, which promote higher productivity among societal members. Such traits include (but are not limited to): a work ethic, prudence in financial spending, integrity and sincerity (Cohen, 2002). Studies indicate that people who possess such characteristics are likely to be more productive and, hence, they contribute more to a society’s economic development. These traits are also invaluable to social development since they encourage productive social interaction. One of the moral traits that members of most developing societies are mostly urged to develop and nurture is hard wor k. Some religions even regard hard work as a God-given responsibility that all human beings should fulfill. As such, religious leaders encourage members of their religions – followers -- to be diligent in everything. Since hard work is required to sustain development; religion, therefore, serves a crucial role in fostering development in societies. Furthermore, religions, such as Christianity and Islam, urge their followers to use hard work as a means of avoiding idleness, which can lead to immorality. Because of this, religion is an effective tool in development since it discourages the undertaking on non-productive activities, such as crime and laziness, and it encourages members to engage in productive endeavors. By promoting the concept of honest living,

Global Management - Royal Mail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Management - Royal Mail - Essay Example During its entire existence, Royal Mail has encountered numerous challenges as it tries to fit it mandate to the twenty-first century, a century where postal services are not in use as they were previously. Royal Mail, with an employee base of more than 160,000 employees was on the verge of being privatized. To do so, it tapped the talents of Moya Greene to its top leadership position of Chief Executive Officer. As a leader, Moya has had prior experience in turning around the fortunes of the Canadian Post. An amazing accomplishment by its standards. The following group assignment looks at the leadership style used by Moya Greene in ensuring success for Royal Mail; the key performance indicators set by the leadership and how Royal Mail benefits from its use; explaining the concept of motivation and how the methods the company uses in motivating its behemoth workforce. In addition, how the company uses corporate social responsibility, which it terms as important to its long-term value and how it is fundamental to the operationalization and privatisation of the company. Finally, how the company recruits its best information technology employees because of their value in protecting the Royal Mail’s proprietary software, which it values. Leadership is important to Royal Mail and how it intends to achieve all the targets to be discussed further in the assignment. Royal Mail is a postal service company operating in the United Kingdom. The company was formed in 1516 and currently exists to provide mail collection and delivery services throughout the United Kingdom. Currently, the Royal Mail is headed by a chief executive, Moya Green. She replaced the departing Adam Crozier from July of 2010 becoming the first woman and the first non-Briton to hold the post. Her duties while at the helm include the privatisation of the Britain’s postal service, the Royal Mail. On her appointment to the helm of the company, Donald Brydon, the

How to employ decision making theories as part of being an advanced Essay

How to employ decision making theories as part of being an advanced practitioner in critical care, compare and contrast theories - Essay Example Much technological evolution has taken place in the critical care segment which provides potential for significant improvement in health care. The key to good decision making is the understanding of existing demands of critical care and the ability to predict the likely effects of changing capacity and organization (Montgomery, Lipshitz and Brehmer, 2005). The changing capacity and organization can be measured by using a historical data and validating them with models at the individual level. Practitioners make important clinical decisions that have a great impact on the patient’s care and the performance of the nurses as well (Young, 2008). Changes in the technology development, health care settings and new methods of patient care have increased the importance of clinical decision making. In order to take care of patients, clinical decision making is widely used by nurses and practitioners. Clinical decision making is a phenomenon that is frequently used in many areas of prac tice which involves stages of patient assessment, determining, accepting or rejecting the diagnosis, and selecting the best care strategies for patients (Standing, 2008). Critical care is different from other areas of nursing and thus the importance of clinical decision making increases (Chapman and Sonnenberg, 2003). Nurses are dealing with patients whose conditions change rapidly. So time is a limitation in this case (Chitty, 2005). A recent study shows that nurse make decisions in every 30 seconds about one of the following incidents; nursing interventions, communicating information and evaluating the patient’s conditions (Rycroft-Malone and Bucknall, 2010). So decision making for them is dynamic and unpredictable. The Process of Decision-Making Clinical decision making requires the early development of hypothesis diagnosis (Ramezani-Badr, Nasrabadi, Nikbakht, Zohre and Taleghani, 2009). The further data collection will be aimed at either approving or disproving the diagno sis. Specialist practitioners are generally trained to think in a particular way. They use the evidence based system to in their decision making process (King, Duke and O’Connor, 2009). Medical evidence is not normally concerned with broader patient concerns but accepting it routinely influences clinical recommendations (Chiappelli, 2010). However, this does not preclude that additional information is not needed in order to provide a more complete profile of each patient. The diverse nature of information is potentially valuable as well as the quality of interaction between the team members (McGloin and Mcleod, 2010). Team decisions are expected to arrive at decision routes that are different from those taken by individuals working alone (Perkins, Jensen, Jaccard, Gollwitzer, Oettingen and Pappadopulos et al, 2007). This also has an ethical stance associated to it in terms of counterbalancing any personal judgments formulated (Morrison and Monagle, 2009). This is because indi vidual decisions are based on the narrow findings, so judgments can easily be covered by personal prejudice (Eccles et al, 2007). This will only serve the need of the practitioner more than the patient (Devettere, 2009). Effective vs. Ineffective Decision-Making Effective use of assessment information through decision making process is essential to improve the outcome of the critical care (Gambrill, 2005). The process of decision making can be seen from a variety of angles. Ineffective decision making may have serious

Drug Addiction and Service Training Program Essay Example for Free

Drug Addiction and Service Training Program Essay The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law, RA 9163, also known as â€Å"An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program for tertiary level students, has three program components; Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC], Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS], and Literacy Training Service [LTS] – aiming to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth and developing the ethics of service and patriotism. Under the NSTP-MAPUA Office, which supervises the implementations of CWTS and ROTC, governed by R.A. 9163 of 2001, are MAPUA-CWTS and MAPUA-ROTC Offices. These two independent offices provide students a grading system, and different activities that endows students with theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences that are needed for community services. After finishing LTS/CWTS, graduates become part of National Service Reserved Corps; after finishing ROTC, graduates will be a part of Citizen Armed Forces. A human is a rational being, born free but are responsible for his own action, has his own identity for who he is, intrinsically a social being, and sexual in nature with uniqueness of expression – these are the characteristics of a person. Values are integrated in a person’s physical, intellectual, moral, spiritual, social economic and political aspects. By understanding the character and the definition of a person, maximizing these characteristics are crucial to be able to create a positive result in realizing his competence and ability. There are many opportunities that await each person, but blind enough to notice it. A person himself is best qualified in changing and directing his life for he’s always been given an alternative whether to do or not to do an act, and is accompanied by responsibility. Understanding Filipino values are very important in realizing how Filipinos behave and act, for these values serve as a basis on which every individual’s s trength in facing the challenges of life should be directed. The positive side of the Filipino values should be put in use and disregard the negative ones to be able to bring out the best in the Filipino society in general and the individual in particular. Each Filipino I blessed inherently by a set of values – value of respect for life, concern for the family and the future generations, value of truth, of justice, of equality, of promotion of the common good, and of concern for the environment. These values are in need to be awakened in order to serve as a vehicle and reinforcement towards our goal of realizing social change and progress. A group is defined as a collection of individuals with different personalities acting and interacting with one another in the process of living. Within a group, a leader or a set of leaders is/are appointed; the one who guides his members and possess certain qualities on effective leadership. John C. Maxwell‟s book entitled â€Å"21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader† helps people recogn ize, develop and refine the personal characteristics needed to be a truly effective leader that people would want to follow. For every group, decisions are made. There are different kinds of decision-making, for instance, having only one person to decide or having a majority vote. Difficulties are also encountered but there are some conflict resolutions and styles used to solve the problem. National security is the protection to preserve the nation’s physical integrity and territory. National security has an objective of defending the territorial integrity of the state and the freedom to determine one’s own government while, human security aims the safety and survival of people, shorthand for the same is freedom from fear of physical violence. It responds to ordinary people’s needs in dealing with sources of threats. Disaster is a phenomenon brought about by either natural or man-made hazards that causes great damage and suffering – for instance, in life and property. The community, composed of its people in a state or country, takes extra-ordinary measures on how to survive when everything we take for granted is gone, when structures we depend on have failed. Disaster preparedness is an activity which complies with the preventive measures, ensuring that the community is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted disastrous event in order to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to property. Disaster management is a planned step taken to minimize the effects of a disaster. DRUG – any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral changes when used. There are many consequences when people use drugs; their behavior changes leading them to do bad things to others and their selves, and all sorts of health problems. Every classification of drug abusers – from experimenters, occasional, regular users to drug dependent people, corresponds to certain counter measures, depending on the degree of drug abuse. The Republic Act 9165, known as the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002, is the one that deals on cases which involve the use of drugs.

From Enlightenment To The Haitian Revolution

From Enlightenment To The Haitian Revolution The purpose of this research paper is to follow the path of the French Enlightenment through its internal revolution, and, consequently, its revolutions in its New World colonies. Upon doing so, it will be determined that ideologies present in the French Enlightenment are present in the following revolutions. Furthermore, it will be concluded that the French Revolution not only resulted in revolutions in its colonies, but it served as the catalyst due to faulty trans-Atlantic bureaucracy. The Age of Enlightenment was a period in Europe that has deep roots in France. The ultimate goal of this movement was to reform society, pursue knowledge, and enforce the new humanist and liberal ideologies the Enlightenment gave birth to (Hyland et al., 2003). Great works from Descartes and John Locke advocated for the equality of all men and women and an end to government corruption and abuse of power (2003). While these ideas have been posited in the past, the social and political conditions of France demanded they be answered. The end of the Enlightenment directly coincides with the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789. The French Revolution began in 1789 due to a myriad of causes ranging from the tangible to the philosophical: with ideals from the enlightenment being the catalyst (Anderson, 2005). Combine this with Frances debt problems, its attempt to solve the problem through raising taxes, and the history of broken promises from the Monarchy, a revolution of the proletariat with ideas of equality was bound to happen (2005). When Paris was consumed by riots and the French Guard took sides with the revolutionaries, the motion had begun which would have drastic implications for Frances territories abroad. To briefly summarize the effects of the French Revolution in its territories, the dissolution of the monarchy, lack of control over its foreign operations, and the resources needed domestically to manage the revolution, resulted in France losing its power hold over its colonies (2005). The historical significance of Haiti will be discussed heavily; however, it is important to recognize that while France was having its own internal changes, the development of the colonies carried its own set of problems that would greatly aid in the revolutions against France. It was not a question that since the French Revolution was explicitly built on the war cries of liberty and equality that this mentality would find it in the mechanisms behind the French slave trade and colonial system. French Slavery There were several French colonies in the Caribbean in which slavery was the modus operandi for their plantation based economies. The plantations typically produced sugar, coffee, and, later, cotton. Due to the size of Saint Domingue, present day Haiti, it will receive the most emphasis. Saint Domingue had approximately 500,000 slaves (Fick, 1990). Ironically, approximately one third of all slaves owned were owned by previously freed slaves; however, these free slaves were not allowed to hold any office or practice in any profession. The slave system in the French colonies was regulated by a series of edicts from the King, the most important being the French Code Noir proclaimed in March of 1685 (Fick, 1990). While this code presented the terms and conditions of slave owning and managing through a strictly religious perspective, they outline how slaves would be sold, how their family life would be dictated, forms of punishments, and life after slavery: unlike British slaves, many French slaves could eventually become free (The Code Noir, 1687). Saint Domingue was Frances most profitable colony and most pivotal in its Atlantic slave trade. At this point, it is essential to emphasize two key points. The first is that Saint Domingue was Frances most profitable colony. The second is that France was entering a period of Enlightenment at this time. Due to the importance of the slaves in the islands and the rise of enlightenment in France, many French diplomats began to attempt to understand the slaves for which they were responsible for. One notable individual is Mederic Louis Elie Moreau de Saint Mery, who approached the slaves from an almost anthropological and social point of view. Upon doing so, he realized several key tenants that would dictate how the French treated the slaves and their future role in the Haitian revolution. He concluded that many slaveholders feared the threat of slaves running away, try to poison them, and a great fear for their religious which many viewed as barbaric and rooted in African voodoo (de St. Mery, 1947). Saint Domingues Response to the French Revolution Upon hearing of the enlightenment movements and the quest for liberty and equality taking hold in France, the colonies were quick to take part by sending delegates to France to demand representation in the new National Assembly that would be formed. The purpose of this movement was to ensure the economic interests of white planters would be accounted for. The mulattos, or previously freed slaves, also sent delegates to France, but they were ignored for the most part. The main agent of action would come from the Society of Friends of the Blacks whose members included Jacques-Pierre Brissot and the leader of abolition in Britain, Thomas Clarkson. Branching off of enlightenment ideologies, the sought the commencement of abolition and to pursue better public relations with slaves including more rights and government positions. As Fick would suggest, however, their efforts fell on deaf ears and quickly became overshadowed by the crisis of the First French Republic and the outbreak of the Haitian Revolution (Gaspar et al., 1997). Even though French colonists, freed slaves, and slaves alike attempted to gain greater rights and were promptly ignored, the necessity for dramatic changed intensified. The complete disregard of the homeland French from the French colonialist resulted in the radicals, supporters of the enlightenment, to fight for complete civil and political equality of blacks and slaves in the colonies. Needless to say, this was met which much fervor and opposition from the white plantation owners who had their economic and business interests to protect. As the French Revolution began the movement in favor of granting rights to free blacks and abolish the slave trade, the uncertainty of Saint Domingue became increasingly evident. Success of the working classes in France created a mentality that there was hope among the free blacks and mulattos in the colonies (Fick, 1990). The uncertainty for the future of Saint Domingue resulted in an ever increasing polarization of the colony in which there was no middle ground to be found or settled upon. French radicals promised freedom for all, while white planters, fearful of this movement spreading, demanded complete independence from France and an abolishment of the Code Noir in favor of a much stricter code (Fick, 1990). Very is little known amount the internal mechanisms of the slave rebellion fomenting, but an excerpt from Henry Christophes slave paints squalid conditions when he writes, Have they not forced them to consume faeces? And, having flayed them with the last, have they not cast them alive to be devoured by worms, or lashed to stakes in the swamp to be devoured by mosquitoes (Heine, 1996). With a sentiment like this, it is certain that slaves wanted to be free. Another point to consider is the economic impact of freeing the slaves on the island; this was the one issue the white plantations holders feared the most. Whether slavery was still utilized after the French Revolution or not, the fact of the matter is the burden would be placed upon the white plantation owners. These sentiments were reaffirmed by Americas ability to maintain a system of slavery despite British edicts to end the slave trade previously. They went even as far to petition the National Assembly to remove themselves from the French Constitutional powers and prosecute anyone by death who attempted to create a slave based rebellion: this was granted, however it would prove not to be enough. Furthermore, initially blacks and mulattos believed their National Assembly would benefit them as it was going to benefit their counterparts in France; however, this was not the case. The French governments, before during and after the revolution, had no intention to relinquish any power of its territories. Rising Tensions As the National Assembly attempted to quell the opposition from the white plantation owners, unrest began to ferment in Saint Domingue. Most notably, the National Assembly and their March 1790 Decree failed to address the needs and political rights of free blacks: this would be a major mistake (Brown.edu, 2012). While the free blacks had a strong understanding of what was occurring, the slaves did not: yet the French Revolutionary slogan of liberty, equality, and freedom was easy to understand and began to ferment rebellious attitudes. The one key factor they had, that ultimately resulted in their success, was that slaves and free blacks accounted for a significant majority of the population. As a result, slaves began to plan and coordinate how they were going to overthrow their owners, blacks and white alike. The first slave rebellion took place in October of 1790 in which 350 mulattos rebelled against their plantation owners (Brown.edu, 2012). This resulted in very violent killings in which owners were massacred and tortured in some cases. The rebellion was quickly quelled when the French militia aligned with plantation owner resulting in the public execution of James Oge in 1791 (Brown.edu, 2012). Rather than quell rebellious sentiment, this action added fuel to the fire and served as an irreparable incident for the island. In order to combat any future rebellions, the de factor leaders Francois Dominique Toussaint-Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines prompted the National Assembly in France to enact progressive laws. As a result, on May 15, 1791, the National Assembly granted equal political rights to all free mulattos and blacks provided they were born from free parents (Brown.edu, 2012). This did very little to appease the majority slave population, and research shows that this law, although progressive, only applied to a few hundred individuals. Needless to say, it was not want the slaves and former slaves needed nor wanted. As a result of this law, white plantation owners utilized more aggressive and abusive policies to their slaves paving the way for the point of no return. The Haitian Revolution Despite repeated efforts on all sides to address the issue of slavery, the demands on all parties were not being achieved. Fed up with government bureaucracy and familiar of Frances growing decline in the region, even more slave rebellions began to occur. The most notable occurred on August 22, 1791, in which the slaves began an approximate 7 years war against their colonialists (Anderson, 2005). It is important to note that during this time, the French National Assembly rescinded the rights given to free blacks and mulattos which only worsened relations and caused the slaves to burn down plantations, destroy government buildings, and massacre all whites and government officials. While the government in France, no matter the form, was unable nor unwilling to do anything about the slavery situation in Saint Domingue, the slaves were becoming more organized and began to make pacts with British and Spanish navies for freedom. The growing fear of losing its colonies to foreign powers dur ing its revolution forced France to abolish slavery on February 4, 1794 (Fick, 1997). This marks the first successful revolution of slaves against a foreign power.

The Children in Sons and Lovers and What Maisie Knew :: Lawrence Sons and Lovers Essays

The Children in Sons and Lovers and What Maisie Knew      Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters in Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence and the characters in What Maisie Knew each have a special meaning.   They all seem to be interwoven with one another portraying a new cycle in another characters life.   For instance, in What Maisie Knew Mrs. Wix was introduced, in my opinion, at a time when Maisie needed a mother figure. Also, Sir Claude is introduced when she seems to need a father figure.   On the other hand, in Sons and Lovers there are not very many new characters introduced. However, the ones that are introduced seem to want to try and break the bond that Paul and his mother have.  Ã‚   Thus, James and Lawrence seem to be using similar themes with different surroundings and events.   Although the circumstances are different, Henry James and D. H. Lawrence characterize the children as being Impoverished.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry James in his novel What Maisie Knew, portrays the main character, Maisie, as being impoverished emotionally.   The emotional poverty that Maisie experiences in her life exist because of her parents extremely vicious hatred for each other.   They use Maisie as a "vessel for bitterness" (13). To Beale and Ida, Maisie was just a tool that they used to hurt the other person.   Eventually, Maisie figured out that they were using her to be the bearer of brutily hateful messages.   Consequently, she learned not to deliver such messages.   This made her parents very angry and they decided that she had "grown incredably dull".   Thus, Maisie realized " They had wanted her not for any good they could do her, but for harm they could, with her unconscious aid, do each other." Unfortunately, Maisie's emotions were of no concern to either parent.   As a result, Maisie seldom experienced any meaningful affection from either of her parents. Furthermore, on the rare occasions when Maisie's mother embraced her it was performed without any affection, or it is so convulsive that it makes her feel as though "she had suddenly been thrust, with a smash of glass, into a jeweller's shop-front..." (112 Lawrence).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Likewise, Maisie's father subjects her to emotional neglect by reminding her that everything had " changed on her account, everything ordered to enable him to give himself up

Benefits of Strong Literacy Skills Essay

?Dear Grace Literacy is crucial to the success of individuals in both their career aspirations and their quality of life. Strong literacy skills are closely linked to the probability of having a good job, decent earnings, and access to training opportunities. Individuals with weak literacy skills are more likely to be unemployed or, if employed, to be in jobs that pay little or that offer poor hours or working conditions. Traditionally, literacy has referred to the ability to read, understand, and use information. But the term has come to take on broader meaning, standing for a range of knowledge, skills and abilities relating to reading, mathematics, science and more. Subsequently in 1740 South Carolina if you taught a slave to write or employed him in a job requiring writing then the teacher or employer would be fined 100 pounds. The Virginia code of 1819 states that the teaching or assembly of any colored persons is unlawful and is punishable by any means deemed necessary by the court or judge. In 1830-1831 the state of North Carolina passed a law that prohibited the teachings of reading and writing to a slave. Alabama in 1833 enacted three laws that repressed slaves and people of color by not allowing them to be taught reading and writing as well as assembling more than five people of color. I have included this information to show how powerful and important knowledge is. Knowledge is so powerful that these people feared it so much that they felt the need to create these laws to protect themselves from what they thought would happen if slaves had the same power they had. Being able to read and write is the most basic foundation of knowledge accumulation and further skill development (source #4). Without literacy there can be no quality education. There is currently one out of five adults that are illiterate. If this trend continues then by 2015 over 700 million adults worldwide will not be literate. Children that participate in school for their first three grades should be able to read and write basic text. Evidence has shown that children with this ability are better prepared for further learning making them more apt to read and comprehend progressively more advanced materials along with acquiring additional knowledge. There is a poem called The Value of Books (source #3) and I think you should read it. This poem talks about the importance of reading and knowledge. The poem says how life is dead in the living world without knowledge. According to the poem the â€Å"light† of knowledge is shining down on the readers and how books are â€Å"the ultimate weapon† in our everyday battles. He who neglects books is undefended in a world of knowledge. We must use as much time as possible to enlighten our brains with the knowledge of the world for time has no master and waits for no one and time is waning. In conclusion I hope you are able to take something away from this. Take advantage of the opportunities you have that others do not like the slaves that were repressed and punished for learning. Stay on top of your studies as to help yourself and others contribute to the world the knowledge you have obtained. Never neglect knowledge for any reason for it is the best weapon you have to defend yourself against the world. Always remember that time has no master and waits for no one not even you so take every moment you have to better yourself and others just remember that time is running out.